Genetichen analiz na populatsii Apis mellifera macedonica (tip “rodopica”) podlozheni na selekcionen kontrol v Bulgariya

The genetic variability in selectively controlled in Bulgaria local honey bee populations, representing Apis mellifera macedonica subspecies (type “rodopica”), has been studied by usage of alloenzymic analysis of six enzymic systems (MDH-1, ME, EST-3, ALP, PGM and HK) corresponding to 6 loci. Totally 324 worker bee individuals from 9 different local populations belonging to breeding stock of National Bee Breeding Association were included in this investigation. All of the studied loci were found to be polymorphic in most of the populations with the exception of EST-3 locus which was established to be fixed in two of investigated populations. Polymorphism with three alleles was ascertained for MDH, ME, ALP and PGM loci and with four alleles – for EST-3 and HK loci. The most common alleles in all of the investigated populations were ME 100, EST-3 100, PGM 100 and HK 100. Two private alleles (frequency < 0.05) were found for two of the studied populations. The calculated level of polymorphism was between 88.33% and 100%. The observed and expected heterozygosities were found to range from 0.186 to 0.301, and from 0.205 to 0.305, respectively. The calculated mean Fst level was 0.028. Allele frequencies of all studied loci were used to estimate Nei’s (1972) genetic distance, which was established to range between 0.001 and 0.028 among the selectively controlled populations studied. The assignment test showed a high level of consolidation for the all studied populations.V nastoyashtoto izsledvane, na genetichen aloenzimen analiz sa podlozheni selektsionno kontrolirani populatsii medonosni pcheli ot devet (9) bazi na Natsionalnata Razvadna Asotsiatsiya po Pchelarstvo v Balgariya, prinadlezhashti kam podvid Apis mellifera macedonica (mesten tip “rodopica”). Ustanoveno e, che vsichkite izsledvani 6 aloenzimni lokusi sa polimorfni v pochti vsichki ot prouchvanite populatsii, s izklyuchenie na EST-3 lokusat, fiksiran s ediniya si alel (EST-3 100) v dve ot populatsiite. Trialelen polimorfizam e ustanoven za MDH, ME, ALP i PGM lokusite, a chetirialelen – za EST-3 i HK lokusi. Izsledvaneto sochi, che s naygolyama chestota na sreshtane v izsledvanite populatsii sa alelite ME 100, EST-3 100, PGM 100 i HK 100. Konstatirano e nalichieto na dva chastni alela (chestota < 0.05) v dve ot prouchvanite populatsii. Izchisleni sa niva na polimorfizam v diapazon ot 88.33% do 100%. Nablyudavanata i ochakvana heterozigotnost varirat mezhdu 0.186 i 0.301, i mezhdu 0.205 i 0.305, saotvetno. Izchislenoto sredno nivo na fiksatsionniya indeks (Fst) e 0.028. Ustanovenite genetichni distantsii po Nei (1972) sa v granitsata ot 0.001 do 0.028. Provedeniyat asignatsionen test (test za prinadlezhnost) pokazva visoko nivo na konsolidatsiya sred podlozhenite na selektsionen kontrol i vklyucheni v nastoyashtoto izsledvane populatsii